Plant Profile: Daffodils 

Powell Gardens’ Plant Profile series explores specific plants, sharing insights about their unique characteristics, histories, and care. Today, we explore a beloved messenger of spring—daffodils!  

Their vibrant yellow, white, and peach blooms brighten gardens and landscapes, offering a much-needed splash of color after months of dormancy. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, daffodils are fascinating plants with a rich history, diverse classifications, and unique botanical features. 

The Basics: What is a Daffodil? 

Scientifically known as Narcissus, daffodils belong to the Amaryllidaceae family. While the name “daffodil” is commonly used to describe these cheerful flowers, it technically refers to all species within the Narcissus genus. The term “narcissus” is derived from Greek mythology, inspired by the tragic tale of Narcissus, a youth who became so enamored with his reflection that he was transformed into a flower. 

Native to Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia, daffodils have been cultivated for centuries and are beloved worldwide. In the 19th century, daffodils were bred and hybridized, resulting in the thousands of varieties we have today. These perennials thrive in temperate climates and are renowned for their resilience and ability to naturalize, creating ever-expanding clusters of blooms year after year. 

Anatomy of a Daffodil 

Daffodils may seem simple, but their structure is intricately designed for both beauty and survival. Consider their key parts.  

• Flower: The most recognizable feature is the trumpet-shaped corona, surrounded by six petal-like tepals. The corona can vary in size, color, and shape, often contrasting with the tepals to create striking combinations.

• Stem: A hollow, sturdy stalk supports the flower and delivers nutrients from the bulb.

• Leaves: Long, strap-like leaves emerge first in early spring, helping the plant photosynthesize and store energy in the bulb for the next season.

• Bulb: The heart of the daffodil lies underground. This specialized storage organ contains all the nutrients the plant needs to grow and bloom year after year. 

Divisions of Daffodils 

Daffodils are categorized into 13 official divisions based on their flower form, size, and growth habits. This classification system, established by the Royal Horticultural Society, helps gardeners and horticulturists identify and select varieties for specific purposes.  

Some notable divisions include: 

• Trumpet Daffodils: Featuring a prominent trumpet that is as long or longer than the surrounding petals, these are classic daffodils often seen in gardens.

• Large-Cupped Daffodils: Distinguished by a cup that is more than one-third but less than the length of the petals.

• Small-Cupped Daffodils: These have a delicate cup that is less than one-third the length of the petals.

• Double Daffodils: With extra petals or a ruffled appearance, these daffodils add a touch of drama to any display.

• Triandrus Daffodils: Notable for their nodding blooms and multiple flowers per stem, they have an elegant, cascading look. 

Other divisions include Cyclamineus, Jonquilla, Tazetta, Poeticus, and more. With so many options, there’s a daffodil for every garden style and preference. 

Learn about all 13 Daffodil Divisions 

Some of Our Favorite Daffodils 

Daffodils come in so many colors and forms, making them a favorite of many gardeners everywhere, including the Powell Gardens team. This spring, look for a few of our favorite varieties selected by Zoë Aber, Horticulturist.  

‘Thalia’ (Division 5: Triandrus)
Also called Orchid Narcissus

Look for this lovely daffodil on the East Lawn near our grove of ginkgoes! This pure white daffodil has multiple blooms per stem that nod downwards and uniquely shaped petals that mimic orchid blooms.  

‘Rijnveld’s Early Sensation (Division 1: Trumpet)

Look for this variety near the hummingbird garden just outside the Visitor Center. This is always the first variety to bloom (usually in mid to late February) and is the first sign that spring is truly here. Its creamy yellow petals are only outshone by its strikingly bright yellow corona.  

‘Curly’ (Division 2: Large Cupped)  

Look for this cultivar near the top of the Dogwood Walk. Pale yellow and rounded petals surround a heavily frilled corona that almost appears double. 

Fun Facts About Daffodils 

• Symbolism: Daffodils are often thought to represent new beginnings. In the language of flowers, they symbolize rebirth and hope.

• Toxicity: While daffodils are beautiful, they are toxic to humans and pets if ingested. The bulbs contain alkaloids that can cause severe discomfort. When caring for daffodils, it’s best to wear gloves as the sap in the leaves and stems can cause skin irritation. It is also good practice to keep cut daffodils separately from other cut flowers to preserve the life of the flowers. Because of their toxicity, daffodils are rarely bothered by deer or garden pests. Plant these flowers in areas these creatures normally disturb!
• Longevity: With proper care, daffodil bulbs can live and bloom for decades, making them a cherished addition to perennial gardens. 

Celebrate Daffodils at Powell Gardens 

If you’re enchanted by these cheerful blooms, visit Powell Gardens during Daffodil Days (March 26-April 6)! This annual celebration showcases thousands of daffodils blooming across the gardens, creating a breathtaking tapestry of yellow, white, and orange hues. Learn about all thirteen divisions of daffodils in a display near the Visitor Center. In addition to more than 100,000 daffodils emerging on the East Lawn, search for early spring blooms in the David T. Beals III Woodland & Steam Garden.   

A self-guided digital tour is available via Garden Explorer. 

Plan your visit to Powell Gardens and immerse yourself in the wonder of spring’s most iconic flower. Daffodil Days are the perfect opportunity to shake off winter’s gray and embrace the vibrant colors of the season!  

Purchase Daffodil Days Admission